Atoms and molecules
Of the 9 planets revolve around the sun, our Earth is one of them and of course the sun is the center of the sidereal system. In addition to Earth planets revolve also the following:Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Pluton. The sun has a diameter estimated one hundred times larger than the planet Jupiter and only what is ten times higher. The distance from Earth to the Sun is one hundred and fifty million kilometers while Pluton is 6400 million kilometres, these seem enormous distances are small but with others in space.
THE ELECTRON is a negative charge of electricity. One or more electrons revolving around a nucleus of an atom form. The nucleus has a positive charge of electricity from such a value, which equals the sum of the negative burdens of electrons. In some atoms all walk the electron orbits, but there are atoms where the nucleus includes fixed neutrons, then we say that an atom consists of a core positive and negative one or more electrons revolving around, say that besides the positive charges kernel are called protons. The size of the atom is determined by the maximum distance that electrons cover during rotation around the nucleus and is indicated by a dividing line. To get an idea of what is smaller than the electron and the vacuum that is the atom, suppose that we can increase the degree that its dividing line is the size of the land; reach an electron increased proportionately to the size of a tennis ball.
Like an atom of hydrogen gas there is a single electron, equivalent to that tennis ball will move at high speed in an empty space equal to that of the whole earth. There are 103 different atoms, or that all existing materials on Earth, the Sun and stars are formed by 103 different atoms, 92 natural and the rest are artificial. Under normal conditions any atom is formed so that the negative charges (electrons) are equal to the positive charges (protons) which would neutralize each other and there is no apparent electrical demonstration. The core can be formed only by protons or by protons and neutrons, and electrons to revolve around it in nearly circular or elliptical orbits.
MOLECULES: It is important to bear in mind that the molecule is only a group of atoms, the same or different, which are kept together and that can not be separated in the laboratory without affecting the properties of the substance. For example, if we take a drop and divided into parts so small that they can not be observed with a microscope, but to continue taking the properties of water, and each of these molecules will consist of 2 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen that are elements in the form of gas.
In other words, what we know as water is formed by 2 gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be separated easily. An atom of chlorine gas and sodium metal atom 1 can unite to form a molecule, and it will not be similar to those in their properties or appearance, because it would be a molecule of table salt. Other molecules are more complicated, for example: a molecule alum there are about 100 atoms, and a molecule of albumin (egg white), consists of thousand atoms.
We must not forget that although the atoms are united to form a molecule, that does not mean it is a dense mass, on the contrary, if the electrons are moving comparatively empty spaces inside the separation between atoms that form a molecule is even greater .
For its part, the molecules are also comparatively large separation between them and that distance varies by the effect of heat, pressure and other agents.
In the solid molecules have a strong attraction, by themselves, with the result that are grouped together and their movement is moderate. Anyway, the molecules are constantly swings from side to side.
When it comes to a liquid, then the separation between them is much higher and the attraction between them is reduced. That is why the liquid takes the shape of the container that contains and overflowing at the earliest opportunity. Finally, gas molecules are far apart and there is no attraction between them, being free to move in all directions.
a common effect of heat pressure on the molecules we have with water. His condition is normal fluid, with the molecules moving moderate, but if enough heat is applied, are accelerating the degree of separation more and more, until steam train. Moreover, the application of cold makes molecules reduce the speed of movement, to form a solid: ice. We must take into account that in these states there has been no change in the constitution of the molecules, neither of the atoms that form. The only thing is that it has been altered is the separation between them.
Full article: http://www.electronica2000.com/temas/atomos.htmLike an atom of hydrogen gas there is a single electron, equivalent to that tennis ball will move at high speed in an empty space equal to that of the whole earth. There are 103 different atoms, or that all existing materials on Earth, the Sun and stars are formed by 103 different atoms, 92 natural and the rest are artificial. Under normal conditions any atom is formed so that the negative charges (electrons) are equal to the positive charges (protons) which would neutralize each other and there is no apparent electrical demonstration. The core can be formed only by protons or by protons and neutrons, and electrons to revolve around it in nearly circular or elliptical orbits.
MOLECULES: It is important to bear in mind that the molecule is only a group of atoms, the same or different, which are kept together and that can not be separated in the laboratory without affecting the properties of the substance. For example, if we take a drop and divided into parts so small that they can not be observed with a microscope, but to continue taking the properties of water, and each of these molecules will consist of 2 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen that are elements in the form of gas.
In other words, what we know as water is formed by 2 gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be separated easily. An atom of chlorine gas and sodium metal atom 1 can unite to form a molecule, and it will not be similar to those in their properties or appearance, because it would be a molecule of table salt. Other molecules are more complicated, for example: a molecule alum there are about 100 atoms, and a molecule of albumin (egg white), consists of thousand atoms.
We must not forget that although the atoms are united to form a molecule, that does not mean it is a dense mass, on the contrary, if the electrons are moving comparatively empty spaces inside the separation between atoms that form a molecule is even greater .
For its part, the molecules are also comparatively large separation between them and that distance varies by the effect of heat, pressure and other agents.
In the solid molecules have a strong attraction, by themselves, with the result that are grouped together and their movement is moderate. Anyway, the molecules are constantly swings from side to side.
When it comes to a liquid, then the separation between them is much higher and the attraction between them is reduced. That is why the liquid takes the shape of the container that contains and overflowing at the earliest opportunity. Finally, gas molecules are far apart and there is no attraction between them, being free to move in all directions.
a common effect of heat pressure on the molecules we have with water. His condition is normal fluid, with the molecules moving moderate, but if enough heat is applied, are accelerating the degree of separation more and more, until steam train. Moreover, the application of cold makes molecules reduce the speed of movement, to form a solid: ice. We must take into account that in these states there has been no change in the constitution of the molecules, neither of the atoms that form. The only thing is that it has been altered is the separation between them.
source in Spanish: electronica2000.com